Origin of Cells Associated With Nerve Repair Discovered

manouli · 12-02-2010, 05:38 PM

Origin of Cells Associated With Nerve Repair Discovered

ScienceDaily (Dec. 1, 2010) — Scientists have discovered the origin of a unique type of cell known for its ability to support regeneration in the central nervous system. Their findings, published this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA (PNAS), raise the possibility of obtaining a more reliable source of these cells for use in cell transplantation therapy for spinal cord injuries.

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), as the name suggests, ensheath and protect the nerve fibres in the olfactory nerve, which transmit olfactory (smell) information to the brain from receptor cells sitting in the lining of the nose. Excitingly, OECs can promote nerve repair when transplanted into the damaged spinal cord. They can also be grown in dishes from pieces of nasal lining but, unfortunately, in such small quantities that this may not be a viable option for use in treatments.

Dr Clare Baker, from the Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience at the University of Cambridge, lead author of the study, said: "In theory, one should be able to purify OECs from a patient's nose and transplant them into the damaged spinal cord to promote nerve repair, without any fear of graft rejection.

read...

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases...1115161150.htm

Wise Young · 12-03-2010, 10:17 AM

This is a good paper and on that provides strong evidence that olfactory ensheathing glia cells are derived from neural crest cells. The origins of OEG cells have long been debated and suspected to be due to neural crest cells. This study confirms it. It is important to understand that knowing the origins of the cells does not confer knowledge concerning how to make more of the cells.

Over 100 papers have been published on OEG treatment of spinal cord injury. About three-quarters of the papers have reported that cells stimulate regeneration or improve recovery in animals after spinal cord injury. However, about a quarter of the studies show little or no beneficial effects of the cells. Clinical trials of OEG transplants have had mixed results.

The doctor who has the most experience with olfactory ensheathing glial cell transplants is Hongyun Huang in Beijing. He has transplanted OEG cells into over 1000 patients with chronic spinal cord injury and routinely gets return of several dermatomes of sensory function, often within 3-6 weeks after transplants but limited or modest motor improvement.

Carlos Lima has transplanted nasal mucosa into over 160 patients with chronic spinal cord injury. He has published a paper about the first group of patients, reporting mostly sensory improvement and modest (if any) motor improvement. He published a paper recently suggesting that some of his patients that received the nasal mucosal transplants are recovery motor function if they engage in intensive locomotor training.

Alan McKay-Sims and his colleagues transplanted into the spinal cord what they say are OEG cells isolated from the nasal mucosa of two patients. They unfortunately found no significant beneficial effects of the treatment. It is not clear why there was no recovery. In any case, we need a source of immune-compatible OEG cells to determine whether or not OEG cells that are not rejected stimulate regeneration and improve recovery.

I know that Geoffrey Raisman and his skilled colleagues have not been able to consistently isolate cells from the nasal mucosa that can make substantial numbers of OEG cells. At the present, the only reliable source of OEG cells remains the olfactory bulb, even though we know that the cells are born in the nasal mucosa and migrates to the olfactory bulb through the olfactory nerve.

Wise.

Johnnie Walked · 12-03-2010, 04:20 PM

Dr. Young, what is your opinion about this study by Dr. Ramon Cueto. from Spain, Have you ever hear anything about her work

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19915486

http://www.firsn.com/media/call-for-papers.pdf

Johnnie Walked · 12-07-2010, 12:36 AM

Dr. Young, Can you please comment on this

12-02-2010, 05:38 PM	#1
manouli Senior Member Join Date: Nov 2004 Location: florida Posts: 9,339	Origin of Cells Associated With Nerve Repair Discovered Origin of Cells Associated With Nerve Repair Discovered ScienceDaily (Dec. 1, 2010) — Scientists have discovered the origin of a unique type of cell known for its ability to support regeneration in the central nervous system. Their findings, published this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA (PNAS), raise the possibility of obtaining a more reliable source of these cells for use in cell transplantation therapy for spinal cord injuries. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), as the name suggests, ensheath and protect the nerve fibres in the olfactory nerve, which transmit olfactory (smell) information to the brain from receptor cells sitting in the lining of the nose. Excitingly, OECs can promote nerve repair when transplanted into the damaged spinal cord. They can also be grown in dishes from pieces of nasal lining but, unfortunately, in such small quantities that this may not be a viable option for use in treatments. Dr Clare Baker, from the Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience at the University of Cambridge, lead author of the study, said: "In theory, one should be able to purify OECs from a patient's nose and transplant them into the damaged spinal cord to promote nerve repair, without any fear of graft rejection. read... http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases...1115161150.htm

12-03-2010, 04:20 PM	#3
Johnnie Walked Senior Member Join Date: Nov 2009 Location: Amsterdam Posts: 258	Dr. Young, what is your opinion about this study by Dr. Ramon Cueto. from Spain, Have you ever hear anything about her work http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19915486 http://www.firsn.com/media/call-for-papers.pdf __________________ keep (rolling) Walking Please join me and donate a dollar a day at http://justadollarplease.org and copy and paste this message to the bottom of your signature

12-07-2010, 12:36 AM	#4
Johnnie Walked Senior Member Join Date: Nov 2009 Location: Amsterdam Posts: 258	Dr. Young, Can you please comment on this __________________ keep (rolling) Walking Please join me and donate a dollar a day at http://justadollarplease.org and copy and paste this message to the bottom of your signature

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12-03-2010, 10:17 AM	#2
Wise Young Administrator Join Date: Jul 2001 Location: New Brunswick, NJ, USA Posts: 37,975	This is a good paper and on that provides strong evidence that olfactory ensheathing glia cells are derived from neural crest cells. The origins of OEG cells have long been debated and suspected to be due to neural crest cells. This study confirms it. It is important to understand that knowing the origins of the cells does not confer knowledge concerning how to make more of the cells. Over 100 papers have been published on OEG treatment of spinal cord injury. About three-quarters of the papers have reported that cells stimulate regeneration or improve recovery in animals after spinal cord injury. However, about a quarter of the studies show little or no beneficial effects of the cells. Clinical trials of OEG transplants have had mixed results. The doctor who has the most experience with olfactory ensheathing glial cell transplants is Hongyun Huang in Beijing. He has transplanted OEG cells into over 1000 patients with chronic spinal cord injury and routinely gets return of several dermatomes of sensory function, often within 3-6 weeks after transplants but limited or modest motor improvement. Carlos Lima has transplanted nasal mucosa into over 160 patients with chronic spinal cord injury. He has published a paper about the first group of patients, reporting mostly sensory improvement and modest (if any) motor improvement. He published a paper recently suggesting that some of his patients that received the nasal mucosal transplants are recovery motor function if they engage in intensive locomotor training. Alan McKay-Sims and his colleagues transplanted into the spinal cord what they say are OEG cells isolated from the nasal mucosa of two patients. They unfortunately found no significant beneficial effects of the treatment. It is not clear why there was no recovery. In any case, we need a source of immune-compatible OEG cells to determine whether or not OEG cells that are not rejected stimulate regeneration and improve recovery. I know that Geoffrey Raisman and his skilled colleagues have not been able to consistently isolate cells from the nasal mucosa that can make substantial numbers of OEG cells. At the present, the only reliable source of OEG cells remains the olfactory bulb, even though we know that the cells are born in the nasal mucosa and migrates to the olfactory bulb through the olfactory nerve. Wise.