Stroke Rehabilitation: Strategies to Enhance Motor Recovery.

[wildwilly]

Annu Rev Med. 2008 Oct 17.

Stroke Rehabilitation: Strategies to Enhance Motor Recovery.

O'Dell MW, Lin CC, Harrison V.

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York 10021.

Recent evidence indicates that the brain can remodel after stroke, primarily through synaptogenesis.Task-specific and repetitive exercise appear to be key factors in promoting synaptogenesis and are central elements in rehabilitation of motor weakness following stroke. Expert medical management ensures a patient is well enough to participate in rehabilitation with minimal distractions due to pain or depression. Contraint-induced motor therapy and body-weight-supported ambulation are forms of exercise that "force use" of an impaired upper extremity. Technologies now in common use include robotics, functional electrical stimulation, and, to a lesser degree, transcranial magnetic stimulation and virtual reality. The data on pharmacological interventions are mixed but encouraging; it is hoped such treatments will directly stimulate brain tissue to recovery. Mitigation of factors preventing movement, such as spasticity, might also play a role. Research evaluating these motor recovery strategies finds them generally good at the movement level but somewhat less robust when looking at functional performance. It remains unclear whether inconsistent evidence for functional improvement is a matter of poor treatment efficacy or insensitive outcome measures. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Medicine Volume 60 is January 07, 2009. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/catalog/pubdates.aspx for revised estimates.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1...ubmed_RVDocSum