BBC News - Stem Cells help MS patients

[angel7]

Patients should be helped by stem cell transplants, research suggests. A small study in the US showed the treatment appeared to stabilise MS patients, whose condition had previously been deteriorating. Stem cells are the body's "master cells" and can develop into a wide variety of different cell types. About 85,000 people in the UK have MS, a degenerative disease of the central nervous system. The researchers' findings were presented to the American Academy of Neurology's 54th Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado. The treatment developed by doctors at the University of Washington Medical Center in Seattle involves removing stem cells from the patients' blood, killing the cells that are working against the body's immune system and then returning the healthy cells back to the body.
These patients had all been rapidly deteriorating over the past year, so to get them to a point where they are stabilised is great progress.

In the study, 26 people with severe MS underwent the treatment. They had all unsuccessfully tried conventional therapies and either seen no improvement, or suffered bad side effects.
In the year before the study was carried out, all had deteriorated by one or more points on a scale that measures MS disability.

Magnetic device:

The key breakthrough as the way they separate the stem cells from the patient's blood.
Stem cells are hard to track down and they wanted to isolate them from the other cells, so they generated anti-bodies to the stem cells. They then attached tiny magnetic beads and mix this in with the blood. Then a magnetic device was used to separate out the stem cells they needed, leaving the rest behind. The patients were monitored for an average of 14 months following the treatment.

After the stem cell transplant, 20 patients were stable, with no change in their amount of disability. Six showed a small amount of improvement in some aspects of their condition - around half a point on the MS scale.

Complications:

But some patients suffered complications after the procedure. One, who received a particular form of an immunosuppressive drug, developed viruses which can affect transplant patients and died several weeks later. Another patient developed Guillain-Barre syndrome, an autoimmune disorder, and pneumonia 17 months after the transplant. Another patient suffered a fever for which doctors could not pinpoint the cause soon after the transplant - and his MS worsened slightly as a result.

'Good news'

However, one year after the transplant, only three patients had new brain lesions, a sign of MS, and just two had needed to take drugs to relieve their MS. Further research is planned, aimed at confirming the treatment's effectiveness and monitor its long-term effects. Dr George Kraft who led the research, said: "This is good news. "These patients had all been rapidly deteriorating over the past year, so to get them to a point where they are stabilised is great progress. "The hope is that these stem cells will eventually reconstitute into healthy immune system cells and the disease process can be stopped."

Hope
Christine Jones, chief executive of the MS Trust welcomed the research. She said: "For people with very aggressive disease there are currently few effective therapies available we therefore welcome the prospect of any new treatment which may slow the progression of disability and reduce the amount of scarring or lesions in the brain. The hope is that these stem cells will eventually reconstitute into healthy immune system cells and the disease process can be stopped."

[kathyp]

where do i apply?!!!???

[Wise Young]

KathyP,

Let me describe the therapy in greater detail. Multiple sclerosis (MS), as you know, is a autoimmune disease. People with MS have lymphocytes that produce antibodies that attack myelin. In most cases of intermittent-relapsing form of the disease, interferon or copaxone seems to reduce the lymphocyte population that is damaging the myelin, preventing the relapses. These treatments, however, do not help people who have the chronic-progressive form of MS. The traditional therapy for people with chronic-progressive form of MS is chemical immunosuppression which has a great many side-effects because it affects all types white cells and the bone marrow.

Starting about 10 years ago, in desperation, a number of groups around the world removed part of the bone marrow, used radiation to destroy most the lymphocytes in the body, and then reimplanted the bone marrow which then would repopulate the body with white and red blood cells. While this is called stem cell therapy because the bone marrow cells contain stem cells, it is really just taking the bone marrow out of the radiation field.

As you can see, this is quite a drastic therapy with a number of undesirable long-term side-effects that you need to consider. One side-effect of the radiation therapy is that it greatly increase your risk of getting another form of cancer. Second, during the period of radiation therapy, people get very ill. That is because the radiation kills not only white blood cells but damages every cell that grows (including your hair follicles, your bone marrow, and your intestinal cells). Third, for a while until you repopulate your white blood cells, you will be vulnerable to infections of all kinds.

On the other hand, this treatment appears to have stopped or at least stabilized the progressive disease in people with rapidly progressive multiple sclerosis.

Wise.