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KIM
07-17-2002, 05:10 AM
Venom Found In Australian Marine Snails May Replace Morphine
MELBOURNE, July 8 Asia Pulse - A chemical compound found in the venom of toxic Australian marine snails, thought to be more powerful and long-lasting than morphine, could eventually replace morphine in the treatment of chronic pain, Melbourne researchers say.
The drug ACV1 has been patented by University of Melbourne scientists after being isolated from snails found on the Great Barrier Reef.

Researchers believe ACV1 could pave the way for a new era of treatment for chronic pain associated with cancer, AIDS and arthritis, without the addiction and side effects associated with morphine.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology associate professor Bruce Livett said the research team was now seeking a commercial partner to begin human trials and develop it as a medical treatment.
"One company already has a drug from a coneshell toxin [conotoxin] that has reached the final stages of human trials," Prof Livett said.
"But when administered to some patients it has given unwanted side effects that include raised blood pressure.
"ACV1 acts on a different class of pain receptors to these drugs and is unlikely to exhibit the same side effects."
The drug works by blocking the peripheral nervous system, responsible for the transmission of pain from cuts, broken bones or internal injuries.
Prof Livett said more than 60 per cent of the community would suffer at some time from chronic pain, and that the global market for drugs to treat this form of pain was in excess of A$1 billion (US$558 million).
"The medical profession is crying out for alternative drug treatments," he said.
"There are potential wider applications for this compound, including pain relief from sports injury and infection, for example shingles.
"In tests on rats it has also been found to accelerate wound healing where nerve damage has occurred."
ACV1 was also a tiny molecule compared to the competing conotoxin drugs, making it easier and cheaper to synthesize, Prof Livett said.
While other competing drugs needed to be injected into the spinal column, ACV1 could be injected into the muscle or fat layer of patients, making it available to a wider group of patients, he said.
The snails, which live inside coneshells, use a special mouth-part to harpoon their prey and inject into them a paralysing toxin.
About 30 humans have died from their sting.
ASIA PULSE

KIM
08-05-2002, 11:19 AM
A sea-snail toxin could relieve chronic pain1 . Tests on rats hint the chemical could be 10,000 times more potent than morphine, non-addictive and not cause side-effects.

A team from the University of Melbourne led by Bruce Livett extracted the 'conotoxin' from a cone-shell snail. They will announce their patented discovery, called ACV1, this week at the Venoms to Drugs 2002 conference on Heron Island, Australia.

More than 60% of us will suffer long-term pain at some time. Despite the addictive nature of morphine, many patients suffering from chronic pain eventually receive it, as there are few effective alternatives.

"We are confident not only that ACV1 inhibits pain, but also that it accelerates the recovery of injured nerves - a unique property not previously documented for an analgesic," says one of the research team, Zeinab Khalil. Moreover, says Khalil, "the universal way in which the drug blocks pain should mean it is effective in treating all types of chronic pain".

The researchers are currently seeking a commercial partner to take the compound through the next round of animal trials. "It is a long road ahead of us, but the results we have indicate we will be there sooner rather than later," says Khalil.

Experiments on the standard rat model for chronic pain lead them to believe that ACV1 stops sensations of hurt and touch as they start to make their way through the nervous system. They suspect that it does this by blocking receptors on the primary nerves involved in pain transmission, called nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Pain researcher David Borsook of Mass General Hospital, Boston agrees that the results look promising. Alternative relief for the kinds of pain associated with cancer, arthritis and spinal injury is needed desperately, he explains. "Current treatments are either ineffective or have significant side-effects. There is no medication for this type of neuropathic pain that is as effective as, say, an antibiotic is for a specific infection."

Current treatments
are ineffective or
have significant
side-effects
David Borsook
Mass General Hospital



But others caution that, without fully understanding the mechanism of ACV1, it is impossible to know if it will be as broadly applicable, non-addictive or free of side-effects as the researchers claim.

"No one has ever found a drug that is truly a strong painkiller and is non-addictive," says chronic pain management specialist Jennifer Schneider of Arizona Community Physicians practice in Tuscon. "But there is always room for new drugs that act by different mechanisms, so it will be great if ACV1 is proven to work."

Cone-shell snails (Conus spp.) dwell in coral reefs. They use their mouthparts to harpoon small fish and shoot conotoxins into them. These toxins paralyse prey by preventing nerve communication; in small doses the chemicals block pain.

Several other groups are trying to isolate components of cone-shell venom that may have pharmacological uses. Another conotoxin, called Prialt, is currently awaiting approval from the US Food and Drug Administration. It is intended as an alternative to morphine, but its side-effects include blurred vision and confusion.

ACV1 targets a different class of receptors, so may not cause the same effects.


References
Satkunanathan, N. et al. An alpha-conotoxin from an Australian Conus is a potent analgesic in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Presented at the Venoms to Drugs Conference, Heron Island, Australia (2002).
http://www.nature.com/nsu/020715/020715-11.html

Chris Chappell
08-05-2002, 12:00 PM
Moving this to the "Pain" forum. http://sci.rutgers.edu/forum/images/smilies/smile.gif

Onward and Upward!

Max
11-15-2006, 02:11 PM
nail venom could be used to treat pain due to spinal cord injury
mongabay.com
November 14, 2006



Cone snail venom may offer a new approach to treating severe pain according to researchers at the University of Utah.

"We found a new way to treat a chronic and debilitating form of pain suffered by hundreds of millions of people on Earth," says J. Michael McIntosh, a University of Utah research professor of biology. "It is a previously unrecognized mechanism for treating pain."

The research, published in the Nov. 13 in the online edition of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that cone snail can treat nerve hypersensitivity and pain by blocking the "alpha9alpha10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor" molecule in cells.

http://photos.mongabay.com/06/1114cone.jpg
The shell of the sea-dwelling cone snail Conus regius, which uses its venom to kill worms so it can capture and eat them. A toxin from Conus regius venom helped University of Utah researchers identify an entirely new way to treat severe pain caused by injury to the nervous system. Photo Credit: Kerry Matz
"The numerous analgesic compounds currently available are largely ineffective" for chronic nerve pain, write McIntosh and his colleagues. "Our findings not only suggest a previously unrecognized molecular mechanism for the treatment of neuropathic pain, but also demonstrate the involvement of alpha9alpha10 nicotinic receptors" in nerve injury.

McIntosh says that any medication derived from the research is, at minimum, ten years away.





http://news.mongabay.com/2006/1114-snail.html

cljanney
11-16-2006, 01:19 AM
Here are some articles on Ziconotide to download and read. The best is the Scientific American one "A Toxin Against Pain". The other two are clinical trial results and a preclinical trial publication (listed in that order). One of my old pain doctors from Stanford University is now working for Prialt in the lab. I hope this stuff does someone some good.


Christopher

metronycguy
11-16-2006, 12:05 PM
do they do a trial first in some way to see if the pain you have reacts to the prialt?
i am not sure what my pain is classified as , its not burning or lancating,
it more like a hacksaw being dragged across nerves